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Should school start an hour later, preferably at nine? And world of work as well? With every changeover to summer or winter time, this discussion comes back up. An argument often cited in last time: “70 to 80 percent” of young people are “owls”: Awake in evening, but morning muffle. Unlike “larks” that come out well from fears and are particularly efficient in morning. What is more, what type of man is “innate and hardly to change”. But is that really true? Sleep researcher Barbara Knab has for us rolled out studies on study of Chronotype – with surprising results.
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“Morgenstund” has gold in his mouth “– on this old proverb some people react with irritation. Adults feel mocked, students of upper stage are quite right. While many of m could have slept better when y went to bed, instead of demonstrating coolness by staying awake for a long time. In fact, it can also be a question of disposition, wher someone is more of a morning or an evening type, as sleep research has long been White (International Journal of Chronobiology: Horne/Östberg, 1976). Just, are we really all one of both? and normal sleeper – does it exist at all?
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Real owls, se are people who get tired late in evening. Even if you are asleep, you will need a long time in morning until you are properly fit and focused. The fact that owls – at least outside school – today is more tolerant than in 1970s, should also be due to association for second normality Delta-T, which has been using it since 1993 for “late people and long sleepers”. They face more socially adapted morning types or larks. They get tired in evening but usually wake up without an alarm clock. Barely hitting eyes, y are wide awake.
Most adults have a certain tendency to one of se two types. But what is really remarkable is that only 40 percent of all people are eir real larks or owls, as recent studies have shown (Chronobiology International: Adan et al., 2012). There are about same number of morning and evening types. But that also means: 60 percent are in fact neir. So if se people are constantly tired in morning or cannot fall asleep in evening, n it is not natural chronotype. They may suffer from chronic sleep deprivation or have real sleep disorders.
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Genetics is cause of which chronotype adults are more likely to belong. Yet unalterably innate as eye color it is not. This is evident from fact that people who work outdoors in countryside are much more likely to be morning types than city people. Apparently, man adapts his sleeping habits to circumstances.
But above all, thing changes with age of life (sleep Medicine Reviews: Rönneberg et al., 2007; Journal of Genetic Psychology: Randler, 2011): Children are much more likely to be larks than adults, y are very early with pleasure. Provided that you came to bed in evening in good time. With puberty, this tends to be same: young people are on average more often owls than adults. The frequently mentioned 70 to 80 percent, to which teenagers are night people, could not confirm representative samples. Christian Vollmer, a sleep researcher from Pedagogical University of Heidelberg, came in his dissertation in year 2012 in study of well 3,500 15-year-old boys and girls only to just under 35 percent, which could be considered real owls.
Shortly after end of puberty, this trend towards evening type is also reversed. The Munich research group around till Rönneberg even pleads to consider turnaround time as ” End of Adolescence” (Current Biology: Rönneberg et al., 2004).
Not only bedtime distinguishes owls and larks
Owls prefer evening, larks morning – but that’s not all. Adolescent evening types tend to be worse at school (learning and Individual differences: Rahafar et al., 2017), even when exams take place in afternoon (Chronobiology International: Enright/Refinetti, 2017). What is safe to play: Evening types sleep generally worse and shorter than ors (sleep medicine: Vollmer et al., 2017). This alone impairs mental performance in principle.
