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In its chronicle of anti-Semitic incidents, Amadeu-Antonio Foundation draws a clear picture of Jewish everyday life in year 2018: destroyed synagogue banners in Magdeburg; A football coach from North Rhine-Westphalia who wrote on Facebook “Shut Up, you filthy Jew”; Anti-Zion graffiti in Leipzig. Two incidents in Berlin lasted nationwide headlines: A Jewish Zweitklässlerin was harassed and threatened by older students because of ir religious affiliation, an Israeli man with Tippa was on Tuesday evening in well-situated district Prenzlauer Berg on street attacked by a group of teenagers.
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He had worn Tippa as an experiment, attack is documented in a video. In clip, one of perpetrators calls “Yahudi! Yahudi! “, an Arabic word for Jew, and proposes several times with a belt on one of two. He flees, State protection determined, several politicians commented on incident. Chancellor Angela Merkel said that “with all rigour and determination” it must be done against all forms of anti-Semitism.
The incidents raise questions: How dangerous are people living in Germany who are publicly committed to Judaism? Has situation worsened since immigration of refugees? And who are perpetrators?
Long-term decline, current increase
In fact, according to preliminary data from Federal Ministry, number of anti-Semitic acts 2017 decreased compared to previous year, but only marginally. Thus, 1,453 anti-Semitic offences were counted nationwide last year, of which 32 were acts of violence. These figures can still vary slightly, since not all data of individual federal states have been recorded at Federal Ministry. 2016 re had been 1,468 cases nationwide, of which 34 times it was about acts of violence.
In general, crime statistics of past 16 years show some strong fluctuations. A clear upward trend cannot be identified. The first report of independent which involved anti-Semitism commissioned by federal government in August 2017 is more likely to be a slight decline since 1950s. Antisemitism, however, has increased in two periods, namely in 1980s to mid-1990s and since Nullerjahren. The first ascent is explained by authors of study with strengning of right-wing extremism, second with intensification of Middle East conflict and beginning of second intifada. The experts are currently undergoing a slight increase.
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Most anti-Semitic acts were registered in 2006: At that time re were 1,809 offences, of which 51 were acts of violence. In years before and after that, numbers move between 1,809 and 1,275 cases. A noticeable increase since year 2015, when particularly many people have fled to Germany, is not detectable statistically. One exception is Berlin: The number of anti-Semitic crimes has doubled since 2013; Last year, 288 were counted.
