The cross-border workers have the odds. According to the latest estimates from Insee published on Tuesday, the number of persons residing in France and working in another country, less than 25 kilometers from the border, has increased sharply between 2010 and 2015. It is as well past 324.700 to 363.700 persons, representing an average annual increase of 2.3%. Switzerland remains the top destination for cross-border workers, and picked up 179.200 assets by 2015, or nearly half of all of the persons concerned (49.3 per cent). Then come Luxembourg (20.6 per cent), Germany (12.2 per cent), Belgium (9.7%) and Monaco (7.1 per cent). Spain is still far behind, with 1% of the active border.
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These countries have, for many, benefited from business opportunities attractive and economic proposition for the border. Thus, Germany has experienced a prosperous period of growth of employment along the Rhine (between 0.4% and 1.9% of growth, according to the borough), Luxembourg (+2.5%) and Switzerland (between 0.3% and 1.7% depending on the canton). Conversely, the border areas of the countries of southern Europe such as Italy and Spain, crossed an off-peak period and were, therefore, less attractive. The sectors most affected by these increases of cross-border workers are the health, administration and education, as well as the merchant service, to a lesser extent.
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local specificities also emerge from the study of the Insee. Half of cross-border workers living in France and working in Germany or in Belgium are workers, while the frames are over-represented in Spain, in Switzerland and Monaco. Sector side, the industry is more important in Germany and Belgium, while the tertiary sector dominates in the other countries concerned. The men get the lion’s share in all countries compared to women, but more significantly in Germany (65%), Belgium (67%) and Luxembourg (61%). Frontier workers are also older than the average, beyond the Rhine, in Spain and Monaco, while they are more young people in Luxembourg, Belgium and Switzerland.
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over The years, the weight of the cross-border workers in the employment of the nations close to France is strengthened: in Luxembourg, as well, the latter weighed, in 2015, 19% of employment, compared to 7% in Switzerland and up to 28% for the canton of Geneva. The border are, in the mirror, one hand sometimes important of the employed population in the border areas on the French side, along the frontiers of Luxembourg, Switzerland, and Germany: up to 51% in the area of employment of Longwy, near Luxembourg, a third-party to Pontarlier as to Wissembourg or 43% around the Chin. Conversely, the weight of the border remains weaker along the borders of the belgian, Spanish and Italian.
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Several reasons are given by the institute to explain the attractiveness of this mode of employment: higher wages abroad, lower unemployment rate, employment growth… the grass is sometimes greener on the other side. Conversely, several barriers can limit the opportunities for cross-border, as the language barrier, an economic slowdown – notably in Spain – or geographical problems annoying the commuting of workers.
