In the midst of controversy around a potential return of the increase of the carbon tax, an initiative supported by over 85 members of parliament in Le Figaro , a new publication of the Insee points out the major challenge posed by this tax increase particularly affecting the fuel for the motorized vehicles. According to a study by the institute of statistics, released Wednesday and based on data that is dated as of 2015, seven employees out of ten use indeed to their car to make the trip between their home and their place of work. The use of a four-wheeled vehicle is extremely widespread on the whole territory, region francilienne. On average, nationally, 70% of the employees use their car to go to work, when 16% using transit, 7% walk and 4% travel by two-wheels (bicycles, motorbikes). The remaining 3%, on the other hand, do not need to move for work.
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• transit more present in the cities
In detail, the region francilienne is the case. In the urban area of paris, in 2015, only 10.7% of the employees used a four-wheeled vehicle, the overwhelming majority are instead moving by public transport. The prevalence of other modes of transport to the car is also seen in several major urban areas, such as in Lyon, Rouen, Rennes, Strasbourg, Nice and Bordeaux. So far, the capital of the Gauls is the only city where employees use more public transport than the car. Nearly 20% of the employees walk and work in Rouen as in Nancy, a score well beyond other cities.
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• The crushing domination of the car over somewhere else
On the other hand, the situation is completely different in areas outside of major urban areas. Longer the individual lives far from an urban center major, the more it will tend to resort to the use of the car to get to his work, regardless of the size of the urban area studied. For example, nearly three-quarters of the people living in the central city of a metropolitan area of under 400,000 residents, such as Tours, Montpellier or Clermont-Ferrand, used their car, a proportion that rises to 90% for those who have a home in the crown of the urban area. “In sparsely urbanized”, as the Creuse, Gers, or the Cantal region, more than eight employees in ten used in 2015 and their car to go to work, thus the Insee, which emphasizes the use of virtually non-existent in public transport in these areas.
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• distances and travel times still longer
Other teaching, the distances made by employees to go to work remain important. In 2015, a third of the employees lived and worked in the same municipality, but 14% of the employees had to travel more than 25 kilometres, a proportion that greatly evolves according to the department, up to, for example, over 25% for the Oise, the Eure and Eure-et-Loir. All in all, the Insee points out the presence of circles around the conurbations, main, in which the travel time is more important. It is of the inhabitants of peri-urban areas and rurbaines who work in the cities, in Nantes, Toulouse, Orléans, Reims or Bastia.
The daily transport is therefore an essential issue. In 2015, a report of the Dares was, and the average time of round trip between home and place of work to 50 minutes each day”, with strong local variations: a île-de-france, passing, and 68 minutes on average in the journeys, compared to less than 30 minutes for a third of the assets.
• A closely related issue to the purchasing power of
If these information are not surprising, they nevertheless stress the importance of the question of transportation, and particularly commuting, in other words, the return trips carried out daily between the place of residence and the work place. These have a significant cost to the employees, who cannot escape, due to lack of alternative means to move. However – and this is the heart of the problem-the people most affected by this issue are also often those with the least financial means. The Insee explains that managers and employees use less the car (63% and 65%, respectively), in contrast to those in intermediate occupations and manual workers (75% and 78%). A difference that can be explained in particular from a geographical point of view: the socio-professional categories superior, more concentrated in large urban areas better served by public transport, have more choice.
• A tighter budget in the areas most dependent on the car
In addition, on the whole, the departments using the car, as the Lot-et-Garonne, Dordogne, Morbihan, Côtes-d’armor, Haute-Saone, the Ardeche, the Corrèze and the Tarn are also, for many, those who have a median level of life is lower, a part of frames less high as well as a net hourly wages average less than the top. In other words, the areas most dependent on the car are rather those where the population has a budget is more constrained, and where each increase in the cost of fuel will therefore be felt more violently. In addition, it is also of territories more isolated. Opening up these areas and provide alternative means of transport is also one of the objectives of the act Mobility, presented in November by the council of ministers.
It is understandable then how the question of the return of the carbon tax remains an important issue: for the government, the challenge is to achieve to support the energy transition without putting the costs on those who do not have other choice to get to their place of work and who already have limited purchasing power… A balancing act particularly difficult.
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