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Catalonia is latest example of fact that independence efforts often lead to conflicts. But it is also different, as separation of Tschechischenund Slovak Federal Republic (ČFSR) shows 25 years ago: In this case, process ran just as gently as revolution against Diesozialistische rule a few years earlier.
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However, framework conditions were also special. Thus, re had been a majority in Bevölkerungnie for this separation. The division was neir based on national emancipation aspirations of Slovak population nor on an irreconcilable attitude of populations of both parts of country to each or. Commonposition state ultimately failed in inability and lack of will of beteiligtenpolitischen elites to bring about a constitution or a State Treaty on relationship between two republics.
The protagonists – Ministerpräsidentender of republics: conservative Václav Klaus, later StaatspräsidentTschechiens, and Slovak national Populist Vladimír Mečiar – hattengrundlegend Or ideas of state construction and of form of economic transformation. As of July 1992, about was ultimately not embodiment of a common state, but rar kontrollierteAufteilung negotiations. However, this would never have happened if Damalsein referendum had been held.
Czechs and Slovaks are
Already ten recom of division and even today Slovaks like Czechs have largely accepted dieSituation. It is undeniable that common heritage – even though it may be controversially evaluated – and asylumapplications cultural proximity, which is expressed in language as well as in DerLeidenschaft for national sport ice hockey.
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At same time, no bitterness has been left on eir side, on contrary re is a high degree of angegenseitigem confidence. For example, a study by Ivo Institute in 2016 showed that Czechs and Slovaks in Visegrad countries Abstanddas highest mutual trust, with a great deal of confidence: about 80 percent of respondents sahendie each or nation as a reliable partner. Also Bestehenweiterhin close kinship and friendly relations and high mutual interest, which is also ablesenlässt in number of visits. In short, Czechs and Slovaks are better off today than ever before. Dasstellt also notes Slovak sociology Oľga Gyárfášová, coauthor of DERIVO study, and says that two States can refore also be called “most amicableof divorced couples” (German: “Divorce couple in Best agreement”).
Uneven starting conditions
After division, however, two states 1993verfügten unequal starting conditions. Tschechienkonnte to close its democratic consolidation quickly, had a functioning state with established institutions, corresponding know-and a homogeneous society. It was also only early modernisierteLand in Central Europe.
Dr. Marianne Kneuer
Is professor of political science at University of Hildesheim and country expert for Slovakia in project Sustainable Governance Indicators (SGI) of Bertelsmann Foundation.
Slovakia’s starting conditions were considerably less favourable. It experienced a delayed modernisation, wieseine heterogeneous society and was only country in Central Europe Dasnie had a lasting historical experience with state Selbständigkeitgehabt. In addition, progress was stagnating because of authoritarian RegierungMečiar (1994 – 1998).
Since 2000s, however, Slovakia has put in a considerable catching-up process and achieved growth rates, which are registra highest in EU and which y have brought to name Tatra-Tiger. Also for years 2015 and 2016, social GovernanceIndicators (SGI) of Bertelsmann Stiftung PV a strong economic growth of three percent, which makes unemployment figures continue to decline and DenHaushalt strengns. However, authors of Slovakia country report cansection serious problems in prosecution of corruption, in education and health sector.
